ASTM D6681 : 23

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure

Standard Details

1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D4485). It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.4 Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption is measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility.

1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).

1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:

	Section
Scope	1
Referenced Documents	2
Terminology	3
Summary of Test Method	4
Significance and Use	5
Apparatus and Installation	6
Intake Air System	6.2.1
Exhaust System	6.2.2
Fuel System	6.2.3
Oil Consumption System	6.2.4
Engine Oil System	6.2.5
Oil Heating System	6.2.5.1
Oil Sample Valve	6.2.5.2
Engine Coolant System	6.2.6
Engine Instrumentation	6.2.7
Reagents and Materials	7
Oil Samples	8
Preparation of Apparatus	9
General Engine Assembly Practices	9.1
Complete Engine Inspection	9.2
Copper Components	9.3
Engine Lubricant System Flush	9.4
Engine Piston Cooling Jets	9.5
Engine Measurements and Inspections	9.6
Cylinder Head	9.7
Valve Guide Bushings	9.8
Fuel Injector	9.9
Piston and Rings	9.10
Cylinder Liner	9.11
Compression Ratio	9.12
Engine Timing	9.13
Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure	9.14
Calibration and Standardization	10
Test Cell Instrumentation	10.1
Instrumentation Standards	10.2
Coolant Flow	10.3
Re-calibration Requirements	10.4
Fuel Injectors	10.5
Air Flow	10.6
Intake Air Barrel	10.7
Fuel Filter	10.8
Oil Scale Flow Rates	10.9
Calibration of Test Stands	10.10
Extending Test Stand Calibration Period	10.11
Test Run Numbering	10.13
Humidity Calibration Requirements	10.14
Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters	10.15
Procedure	11
Engine Break-in Procedure	11.1
Cool-down Procedure	11.2
Warm-up Procedure	11.3
Shutdowns and Lost Time	11.4
Periodic Measurements	11.5
Engine Control Systems	11.6
Engine Coolant	11.6.1
Engine Fuel System	11.6.2
Engine Oil Temperature	11.6.3
Exhaust Pressure	11.6.4
Intake Air	11.6.5
Post-Test Procedures	11.7
Piston Ring Side Clearances	11.7.1
Piston Ratings	11.7.2
Referee Ratings	11.7.3
Ring End Gap Increase	11.7.4
Cylinder Liner Wear	11.7.5
Cylinder Liner Bore Polish	11.7.6
Photographs	11.7.7
Calculation and Interpretation of Results	12
Test Validity	12.1
Calculations	12.2
Quality Index	12.2.1
Oil Consumption	12.2.2
Report	13
Forms and Data Dictionary	13.1
Test Validity	13.2
Report Specifics	13.3
Precision and Bias	14
Precision	14.1
Bias	14.1.4
Keywords	15
Annexes
Engine and Parts Warranty	Annex A1
Instrument Locations, Measurements, and Calculations	Annex A2
Cooling System Arrangement	Annex A3
Intake Air Mass Flow Sensor Installation	Annex A4
Fuel System Design and Required Components	Annex A5
Oil System	Annex A6
Exhaust and Intake Barrel Piping	Annex A7
Humidity Probe Installation (Location)	Annex A8
Return Goods Authorization (Claim Form)	Annex A9
Engine Assembly Information	Annex A10
Flushing Instructions and Apparatus	Annex A11
Warm-up, Cool-down and Testing Conditions	Annex A12
Piston and Liner Rating Modifications	Annex A13
Additional Report Forms	Annex A14
Test Report Forms	Annex A15
Appendixes
Various Examples for Reference Purposes	Appendix X1
Safety	Appendix X2

1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.