IEEE 2781:2022

Scope

The scope of this guide is the definition of load models for various conventional and emerging elements in the generation, transmission, distribution, and customer sectors at all voltage levels. This includes guidance for developing load models, identifying load model parameters, and utilizing measurement data for load model development at various voltage levels. It also includes modeling practices for emerging elements such as power electronic connected elements, electrical vehicles and charging stations, better utilization of information and communication technology (ICT ) infrastructures in load model development, and dynamics associated with customer involvement.

Load modeling and simulation have been an established area with continuous development through research and engineering practices. Although there are different references and reports, there are emerging interests from the industry on standard practices with various load models and simulations to accommodate the rapidly evolving power industry incorporating both conventional and new inverter connected renewable elements. Development in power electronics, smart grid technologies, demand-side control, and increasing renewable energy uptake have made load modeling an increasingly challenging essential element for system operations and planning to ensure system security while maintaining economic efficiency and emission reduction objectives. The rapid deployment of IoT technologies through industry initiative brings new opportunities and challenges for load modeling; together with big data analysis and artificial intelligence methods, data obtained through the IoT sensors enable detailed modeling of loads behind the meters without customer survey. A guide for standard approaches within this domain will lead to new load modeling approaches beyond the conventional or component measurement ones, which will advance acceptance and interoperability

Abstract:

Load modeling plays an important role in power system modeling, and the load model is an indispensable component in power system simulation. To get accurate load models and formulate a unified document, this guide has been developed to provide comprehensive policies and procedures of load modeling and simulations. A review and comparison of the two most widely used methodologies for load modeling is presented in this document, that is, the measurement based and component-based approaches. A critical and updated overview of opportunities and challenges of load modeling with emerging networks and components is also provided. The guidelines for power system simulation with a variety of load models are proposed. A case study adhering to the proposed guidelines clearly indicates the need for a hybrid approach in the future that will combine the strengths of the measurement-based and component-based approaches with the data acquisition capabilities offered by modern measurement equipment.

Keywords: active distribution network, component-based approach, dynamic load model, IEEE 2781, load modeling, measurement-based approach, microgrids, power system simulations, simulation, static load model

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